The Zika Virus: Knowing the Facts About the Fears …

The summer season with its elevated temperatures, intermittent rain and high humidity invariably triggers a rise in insect populations. Many pesky warm-weather insects are simply nothing more than a nuisance, like the ever-present gnat; however, there are some—for example, certain types of mosquitoes and ticks—that can pose a serious danger if encountered.

The mosquito is getting a significant amount of press internationally due to the Zika virus—a disease caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys. It was later identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been recorded in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. From the 1960s to 1980s, human infections were found across Africa and Asia, typically accompanied by mild illness. The first large outbreak of disease caused by Zika infection was reported from the Island of Yap (Federated States of Micronesia) in 2007. In 2015, Brazil reported an association between Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly.

Since lack of information and awareness can breed fear and hysteria, it is important for individuals to understand the facts about the Zika virus.

According to WHO, the Zika virus …

•          Can create symptoms in those infected, including mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise and headaches. These symptoms normally last for two to seven days.

•          Has been linked to causing both microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Links to other neurological complications are also being investigated.

•          Is usually mild and requires no specific treatment. People sick with Zika virus should get plenty of rest, drink enough fluids, and treat pain and fever with common medicines. If symptoms worsen, they should seek medical care and advice.

•          Currently has no vaccine available.

•          Can only be confirmed through laboratory tests on blood or other body fluids, such as urine, saliva or semen.

•          Can be avoided by protecting oneself against mosquito bites by wearing clothes (preferably light colored) that cover as much of the body as possible; using physical barriers, such as window screens or closing doors and windows; sleeping under mosquito nets; and using insect repellent containing DEET, IR3535 or picaridin according to the product label instructions. In addition, there are more natural and organic repellent options for individuals that prefer them. Special attention and help should be given to those that may be unable to protect themselves adequately, such as young children, the sick and elderly.

Although the Zika virus is cause for concern and not to be taken lightly, by knowing the facts about the disease and practicing a few smart preventive measures, fear can turn into safe summer fun for the entire family at home and abroad.