Promise and Pitfalls of Biological-Age Tests
Lightspring/shutterstock
A December 2025 study in eBioMedicine reports that better cardiovascular health—characterized by a low body mass index, no smoking and healthy blood pressure—slows biological aging in mid-to-late life. This suggests that biological aging is not solely determined by genetics and can be altered by addressing cardiovascular risk factors like smoking, diet, exercise and blood pressure in middle-aged and older adults.
Although promising, this research has been met with caution due to disagreement about the reliability and usefulness of commercial biological-age tests. These tests analyze patterns of DNA methylation, a natural process that regulates gene activity. Scientists use algorithms to compare a person’s methylation profile with large datasets, estimating if their body appears biologically older or younger than expected.
A February 2026 editorial in eBioMedicine (“Epigenetic clocks: advancing biological age measures towards meaningful clinical use”) highlights the limitations of biological-age testing. Most tests use blood or saliva samples, which may not accurately reflect aging in other organs and tissues. Different tests often produce varying results because they use different populations and algorithms. Biological-aging patterns can also differ by sex, lifestyle, environment and disease stage. The eBioMedicine editorial emphasizes that despite their potential to improve disease prevention and deepen our understanding of aging, biological-age tests need further development to address scientific and methodological gaps.
