Cognitive Benefits of Caffeine

A study published in JAMA reports that caffeine protects against dementia and other forms of cognitive decline. The research followed nearly 132,000 American adults for up to 43 years, analyzing the effect of coffee and tea consumption on dementia risk and cognitive performance. Participants were free of cancer, Parkinson’s disease and dementia at the start of the study. After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and health-related factors, a higher intake of caffeinated coffee significantly reduced dementia risk.

Those consuming the most caffeinated coffee had an 18 percent lower dementia risk than those consuming the least. Higher caffeinated coffee intake also correlated with a lower likelihood of self-reported cognitive decline and modestly better performance on objective cognitive tests. Tea consumption showed similar patterns, while decaffeinated coffee did not reduce dementia risk or improve cognitive outcomes. The strongest effects were seen with moderate intake, about two to three cups of caffeinated coffee or one to two cups of tea daily.

Participants were drawn from the Nurses’ Health Study (started in 1976) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (started in 1986), two of the largest, long-running U.S. studies investigating risk factors for chronic disease.