Wings and Wonder: The Healing Effects of Birdwatching

A male northern cardinal sings “cheer, cheer, cheer” from a maple tree in a suburban neighborhood. Those that have heard or seen the common red bird know how such experiences can uplift the spirit. Birdwatching can help heal the mind and body, as well as enhance cognitive function, according to researchers. The activity, which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service states has 96 million participants in the United States alone, also fosters connections with community, science and the natural world.

 

The Song of Healing

Holly Merker is a team leader for Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s eBird.org, an online database for reporting avian observations. When she was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 32, she had already been an avid birder, traveling extensively to add new species to her list. Her birding style changed after the diagnosis.

“I sought solace in the birds,” she explains. “When I was bald from chemotherapy, I knew that the birds weren’t going to judge me. I could show up and be myself and not be the cancer patient. Birds became my wellness companions.”

On one Mother’s Day during her cancer journey, when she could barely lift her arms to hold her binoculars, Merker found strength at a nearby birding spot. Hearing a familiar birdsong, she spotted the crooner in its nest. “In that moment, I identified what feats of survival that cerulean warbler had gone through,” she recalls. “They spend their winters in South America and fly thousands of miles north through wind and rain to nest. These birds are survivalists to the utmost degree. We were no different from each other.”

Merker co-wrote Ornitherapy: For Your Mind, Body and Soul with acclaimed birder Richard Crossley and his daughter Sophie Crossley. The book champions mindful birdwatching as a form of nature therapy that enhances sensory awareness, relieves stress and improves mental and physical well-being. Now 56 and in good health, Merker offers mindful birding workshops through Ornitherapy.com.

“One thing that really helped me in the first year after I finished my cancer treatment was tending to bluebird nest trails,” she remarks. “It got me walking and moving again. It gave me purpose. It was incredibly therapeutic. All the work I do with conservation, serving on boards and leading walks is because birds helped save my life, and now hopefully I am helping save them. I believe that when we start tuning into birds, we become better stewards of the environment.”

 

Finding Calm and Cognition

Birdwatching can be a balm for the anxious mind. “Instead of worrying about those problems that keep repeating themselves on a loop inside your head, watching birds can focus you outside yourself, as you search intently for a small movement in the trees, or a hint of color,” says Douglas T. Kenrick, Ph.D., a psychology professor at Arizona State University who began birding in earnest when he was 50.

For John Elliott, the beauty of birds, whether seen from the window or in the wild, exudes a calming effect. “Studies have shown that adding birdwatching to a walk in nature increases positive feelings and decreases distress,” says the Chicago Bird Alliance board member and retired naturalist and education manager for the Forest Preserves of Cook County, in Illinois.

A 2022 study published in Scientific Reports found that everyday encounters with birdlife were associated with lasting improvements in mental well-being in both healthy people and those diagnosed with depression. Another study, published in 2023 in the Journal of Environmental Psychology, reported that birdwatching among nursing home residents led to positive effects in mobility, cognitive function and mental health.

“When we are birding, we are actively engaging our minds and adding to our brain’s neuroplasticity,” Merker remarks. “I tell folks, instead of downloading brain games, watch birds.” A new study published in The Journal of Neuroscience suggests that expert birdwatchers possess superior brain cognition and structural brain differences compared to beginners, which may help protect against age-related cognitive decline.

 

Tips for Beginners

“[Birding] on your own is just fine if that suits you, but you can also visit a nature center, which may offer opportunities for birdwatching, including guided walks and feeder observations,” Elliott suggests. “You can also attend free bird walks led by local bird club members or buy a feeder and watch from your window.”

Fancy equipment isn’t necessary. “It’s just about noticing the birds around you and paying attention,” Merker says. “If people want to take it to the next level, a pair of binoculars will enhance their experiences. You’ll get a closer view from a distance. You can get a pair of binoculars on eBay for a good price, and lots of groups let you borrow some.”

Merker suggests finding a place to sit outside—in the backyard, a local park or near a pond. “Then let the birds come to you,” she says. “Whatever bird shows up is enough for you to find joy.”

 

An outdoors columnist and photographer for the Chicago Tribune, Sheryl DeVore has authored several books on nature. Reach her at [email protected].

 

Resources and Links for Birders

Top bird field guides include The Sibley Guide to Birds and National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America. For quick identification, regional guides can be obtained at libraries or bookstores.

The American Birding Association provides comprehensive resources for aspiring birders at aba.org/welcome-new-birders. It also delves into the ethical considerations of birdwatching, emphasizing the importance of maintaining silence and stillness, at aba.org/aba-code-of-birding-ethics.

Free birding apps such as Merlin (Merlin.allaboutbirds.org) and the Audubon Bird Guide app (Audubon.org/app) may be useful in the field.

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